Reference · updated for consult prep · July 2026

Peptide Field Guide

A category-by-category map of the peptides currently getting attention — what each one is, what it's claimed to help with, how strong the actual evidence is, and where it stands legally right now. Starts with the questions worth taking into a consult.

Tier 1 — FDA-approved / strong human trials
Tier 2 — Real clinical use, thin or foreign trials
Tier 3 — Real pharmacology, reviewed & restricted
Tier 4 — Animal studies / anecdote only
Educational use only — not medical advice. This page is a general orientation tool, not a recommendation to take any substance. Nothing here is a substitute for a qualified physician who knows your health history. It is not a sourcing guide, and it does not endorse any vendor or supplier. Regulatory status changes frequently; verify anything here independently before acting on it.
All
Metabolic
GH Secretagogues
Tissue Repair
Anti-Aging / Longevity
Cognitive / Mood
Immune / Inflammation
Other
↓ Latest

Latest developments

Dated updates on regulatory decisions, new trials, and market changes. The category map above stays stable; time-sensitive news lives here. Newest first.

Guide published; FDA advisory review imminent

Initial version of this reference goes live. An FDA advisory committee is scheduled to review seven peptides — including BPC-157, TB-500, MOTS-c, and KPV — on July 23–24, 2026, with a second round covering others (including GHK-Cu) before February 2027. Outcomes may shift several tier ratings below.

FDA — Human Drug Compounding →

Questions worth asking at the consult

The category map tells you what's real. These questions tell you whether a specific plan is sound — they cut through most of the ambiguity in this space fast.

Is this the FDA-approved branded product, or a compounded / research version?The molecule may be nominally the same, but sourcing, purity control, and legal standing differ hugely. This is the single most clarifying question.
What does the human evidence actually look like — trials, or animal studies and anecdote?For many popular peptides the honest answer is "no completed human RCTs." Worth hearing your doctor say it plainly.
What monitoring do you do, and how often? (e.g. IGF-1, blood glucose, relevant bloodwork)Anything touching the GH axis or metabolism should come with monitoring. If none is proposed, that's a flag.
What's the current legal / regulatory status of this specific peptide?Several are under active FDA review right now — the answer may have changed since this guide was made.
What are the known side effects and the theoretical risks — and how do we tell them apart?"No reported problems" and "proven safe" are different claims. A good answer distinguishes them.
What's the realistic expected benefit, and how will we know if it's working?Defining success up front guards against paying for something with no measurable effect.
What's the exit plan if it doesn't work or causes issues?Clear stop criteria matter as much as the decision to start.

Metabolic

The category that started the hype cycle — the only cluster with large, multi-year, placebo-controlled trial data behind it.

Semaglutide
Ozempic · Wegovy
FDA approved
Mechanism
GLP-1 receptor agonist — mimics a gut hormone that signals fullness and slows gastric emptying.
Claimed for
Weight loss, type 2 diabetes, emerging cardiovascular risk reduction.
Evidence
Large Phase 3 RCTs, thousands of participants, years of follow-up.
The gold standard the rest of the category gets compared to — and rarely matches.
Tirzepatide
Mounjaro · Zepbound
FDA approved
Mechanism
Dual GLP-1 + GIP receptor agonist.
Claimed for
Weight loss, type 2 diabetes.
Evidence
Same trial-grade evidence tier as semaglutide; outperformed it head-to-head on weight loss.
Currently the most effective approved option in this category.

Growth Hormone Secretagogues

Stimulate your own pituitary to release growth hormone, rather than injecting HGH directly. Real physiology — but a wide gap between the approved member of the family and the popular ones.

Tesamorelin
GHRH analog
FDA approved
Claimed for
Visceral fat reduction, GH restoration.
Evidence
Real Phase 3 data for its approved indication.
Status
Approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
The legitimate cousin of CJC-1295 — same idea, actual approval behind it.
Sermorelin
GHRH analog, shorter-acting
Legacy approval
Claimed for
GH deficiency, general anti-aging framing.
Evidence
Previously FDA-approved (commercially discontinued), still prescribed off-label.
The most clinically boring and established of the GH-axis peptides — that's a compliment here.
CJC-1295
Long-acting GHRH analog
Reviewed & restricted
Claimed for
Muscle gain, fat loss, recovery, sleep.
Evidence
Real receptor pharmacology, but FDA panel voted against compounding-pharmacy status in 2024.
Real biology, no regulatory track record to back the popular dosing protocols.
Ipamorelin
Ghrelin receptor agonist
Reviewed & restricted
Claimed for
Same as CJC-1295, marketed as the "gentler" GH secretagogue.
Evidence
Originally developed by Novo Nordisk, studied then shelved; same 2024 rejection as CJC-1295.
Selective enough to skip the hunger/cortisol spikes of older secretagogues — but still unapproved.
GHRP-6
Older ghrelin receptor agonist
Superseded / anecdote
Mechanism
Same ghrelin-receptor pathway as ipamorelin, but less selective.
Claimed for
GH release, muscle gain, appetite stimulation.
Evidence
An earlier-generation secretagogue; causes stronger hunger, cortisol and prolactin spikes than ipamorelin.
Mostly of historical interest now — ipamorelin was designed to fix its side effects.

Tissue Repair / Healing

The most talked-about corner of the biohacker world — and the one with the biggest gap between hype and human data.

BPC-157
Body Protection Compound-157
Animal studies only
Claimed for
Tendon/ligament healing, gut repair, joint recovery.
Evidence
Almost entirely rat/mouse studies from one Croatian research group; no completed human RCTs.
Status
Restricted from legal compounding since late 2024; under FDA advisory review July 23–24, 2026.
The biggest name in this space, with the thinnest human evidence of anything on this list.
TB-500
Synthetic Thymosin Beta-4 fragment
Animal / anecdote
Claimed for
Muscle/tendon recovery, flexibility, reduced inflammation.
Evidence
The native protein is well-studied biologically; the injectable synthetic product itself has minimal controlled human data.
Status
Restricted, same July 2026 review as BPC-157. Also on WADA's banned list (history in horse racing).
Better basic-science pedigree than BPC-157, but the product actually sold is just as unproven in humans.

Anti-Aging / Longevity

A mixed bag — one member with genuine approval, one with decent skin-specific data, and a couple riding on mechanism-story appeal alone.

SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide
FDA approved (narrow use)
Claimed for
Mitochondrial function, general "anti-aging" framing.
Evidence
Real Phase 2/3 data — but approved specifically for Barth syndrome, a rare cardiomyopathy.
Genuine approval — for one narrow condition, not general anti-aging. Off-label use is unproven.
GHK-Cu
Copper-binding tripeptide
Solid data, narrow scope
Claimed for
Skin collagen, wound healing, hair.
Evidence
Real human RCTs — but essentially all topical/skin-specific, not systemic anti-aging.
Already in legitimate skincare products — the evidence just doesn't extend past skin.
Epithalon
Synthetic tetrapeptide
Unreplicated abroad
Claimed for
Telomerase activation, general longevity.
Evidence
Almost entirely from one Russian research group dating to the 1980s; not independently replicated in Western trials.
Mechanistically compelling story, not an independently confirmed one.
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide
Early preclinical
Claimed for
Metabolic regulation, "exercise mimetic" effects.
Evidence
Early-stage, mostly preclinical.
Status
Under FDA advisory review, July 2026.
Genuinely interesting mechanism — years behind the others in terms of data.

Cognitive / Mood

Decades of real clinical use — just not in a Western regulatory system.

Semax
Russian nootropic peptide
Approved in Russia only
Claimed for
Focus, mood, neuroprotection.
Evidence
Decades of clinical use in Russia; minimal Western trial data.
Real clinical history — just not one that's been validated by Western regulators.
Selank
Russian anxiolytic peptide
Approved in Russia only
Claimed for
Anxiety reduction, mood stabilization.
Evidence
Same profile as Semax — real domestic use, thin Western data.
Same story as Semax, different target symptom.
DSIP
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide
Name overpromises
Claimed for
Sleep induction.
Evidence
Weak, dated human data — sleep effects not well established despite the name.
The name is far more confident than anything backing it up.

Immune / Inflammation

One legitimate international drug, one early-stage curiosity.

Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymic peptide
Approved in 35+ countries
Claimed for
Immune modulation, hepatitis treatment, cancer-therapy adjunct.
Evidence
A real prescription drug abroad, just never brought through FDA approval in the US.
Legitimate medicine — outside the US regulatory system, not outside evidence.
KPV
Tripeptide fragment of alpha-MSH
Preclinical
Claimed for
Gut inflammation, IBD support.
Evidence
Early preclinical interest, minimal human data.
Early days — worth watching, not worth acting on yet.

Other / Frequently Confused

A few that come up constantly but don't fit the clusters above — including one that's a supplement, not a therapy, and one with real safety concerns.

Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed collagen (oral supplement)
Supplement, modest data
Mechanism
Ingested collagen fragments; not an injected signaling peptide at all.
Claimed for
Skin elasticity, joint comfort, hair/nails.
Evidence
Some modest human RCTs for skin and joint outcomes; low risk, sold openly as food/supplement.
Totally different category from the rest of this list — a grocery-store supplement, not a therapy. Included because the name causes constant confusion.
Melanotan II
Synthetic alpha-MSH analog
Safety concerns
Mechanism
Stimulates melanocortin receptors — drives skin tanning and affects libido.
Claimed for
Tanning without sun, libido effects.
Evidence
Not approved anywhere; flagged by regulators (incl. UK/EU/Australia) over unregulated sale and safety.
Documented concerns around new/changing moles and other effects — the one on this list I'd treat with the most caution.

Sources & further reading

Starting points for verifying the claims above, weighted toward primary and regulatory sources. For any peptide, searching its name on PubMed or ClinicalTrials.gov shows you the real state of the human evidence quickly.

General
PubMed · ClinicalTrials.gov · FDA DrugsThe three sources that settle most "is this real" questions — search any peptide name directly.
Semaglutide
FDA Drugs@FDA databaseSearch "semaglutide" / "tirzepatide" for approval history and labeling.
Tesamorelin
FDA Drugs@FDAApproved as Egrifta; approval documents show the Phase 3 basis.
Elamipretide (SS-31)
ClinicalTrials.govSearch "elamipretide" for the Barth syndrome and mitochondrial-disease trial record.
BPC-157 / TB-500
PubMedNote that results are dominated by animal models — filter for human trials to see the gap.
Regulatory status
FDA Human Drug CompoundingCovers the 503A/503B compounding lists that determine what's legal to compound.
GHK-Cu
PubMedSearch "GHK-Cu skin" for the topical/cosmetic RCT literature.